2025-spring boot 之多数据源管理

1、是使用Spring提供的AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象类
注入多个数据源。

创建 DataSourceConfig 配置类通过spring jdbc 提供的带路由的抽象数据源 AbstractRoutingDataSource


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

 
@Component
@Primary   // 将该Bean设置为主要注入Bean
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {


    // 当前使用的数据源标识
    public static ThreadLocal<String> name = new ThreadLocal<>();

    // 写
    @Autowired
    DataSource dataSource1;
    // 读
    @Autowired
    DataSource dataSource2;


    // 返回当前数据源标识
    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        return name.get();

    }


    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() {
        // 为targetDataSources初始化所有数据源
        Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();
        targetDataSources.put("W", dataSource1);
        targetDataSources.put("R", dataSource2);
        super.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);
        // 为defaultTargetDataSource 设置默认的数据源
        super.setDefaultTargetDataSource(dataSource1);
        super.afterPropertiesSet();
    }
}

读取配置文件数据源

import com.alibaba.druid.spring.boot.autoconfigure.DruidDataSourceBuilder;
import com.tuling.dynamic.datasource.DynamicDataSource;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;


@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.datasource1")
    public DataSource dataSource1() {
        // 底层会自动拿到spring.datasource中的配置， 创建一个DruidDataSource
        return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.datasource2")
    public DataSource dataSource2() {
        // 底层会自动拿到spring.datasource中的配置， 创建一个DruidDataSource
        return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager1(DynamicDataSource dataSource) {
        DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager = new DataSourceTransactionManager();
        dataSourceTransactionManager.setDataSource(dataSource);
        return dataSourceTransactionManager;
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager2(DynamicDataSource dataSource) {
        DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager = new DataSourceTransactionManager();
        dataSourceTransactionManager.setDataSource(dataSource);
        return dataSourceTransactionManager;
    }
}

配置文件

spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    datasource1:
      url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/datasource1?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8&useSSL=false
      username: root
      password: 123456
      initial-size: 1
      min-idle: 1
      max-active: 20
      test-on-borrow: true
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    datasource2:
      url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/datasource2?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8&useSSL=false
      username: root
      password: 123456
      initial-size: 1
      min-idle: 1
      max-active: 20
      test-on-borrow: true
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

自定义数据源注解


import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;


@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
// 保留方式
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface WR {
    String value() default "W";
}

注解的实现方法

import com.tuling.dynamic.datasource.DynamicDataSource;
import com.tuling.dynamic.datasource.annotation.WR;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Component
@Aspect
public class DynamicDataSourceAspect implements Ordered {

    // 前置
    @Before("within(com.tuling.dynamic.datasource.service.impl.*) && @annotation(wr)")
    public void before(JoinPoint point, WR wr) {
        String name = wr.value();
        DynamicDataSource.name.set(name);

        System.out.println(name);
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 0;
    }

    // 环绕通知
}

2、使用dynamic-datasource框架

dynamic-datasource是MyBaits-plus作者设计的一个多数据源开源方案。使用这个框架需要引入对应的pom依赖

引入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
    <artifactId>dynamic-datasource-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>3.5.0</version>
</dependency>

添加配置文件

spring:
  datasource:
    dynamic:
      #设置默认的数据源或者数据源组,默认值即为master
      primary: master
      #严格匹配数据源,默认false. true未匹配到指定数据源时抛异常,false使用默认数据源
      strict: false
      datasource:
        master:
          url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/datasource1?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8&useSSL=false
          username: root
          password: 123456
          initial-size: 1
          min-idle: 1
          max-active: 20
          test-on-borrow: true
          driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
        slave_1:
          url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/datasource2?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8&useSSL=false
          username: root
          password: 123456
          initial-size: 1
          min-idle: 1
          max-active: 20
          test-on-borrow: true
          driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver